نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشکدۀ مهندسی، دانشگاه مستنصریه، بغداد، عراق
2 دانشکدۀ هنرهای کاربردی، دانشگاه تقنیۀ وسطی، بغداد، عراق
3 گروه ادبیات، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
4 گروه گرافیک، واحد صحنه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، صحنه، ایران
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Problem statement: In traditional architecture, the house is not merely a place of dwelling but also a space in which human lived experience, memory, imagination, intimacy, and sense of belonging are formed. From this perspective, Gaston Bachelard’s phenomenological approach, particularly the concepts developed in “The Poetics of Space”, provides a framework for understanding the house as a lived and meaningful space. However, the experience of space in different architectural traditions is shaped by cultural, social, and climatic contexts, and phenomenological concepts cannot be applied uniformly without taking these differences into account. Accordingly, the central problem of this study is to examine how the spatial elements and organization of traditional Iranian and Iraqi houses can be interpreted through Bachelard’s phenomenological concepts, and how the cultural and climatic differences between these two contexts influence the lived experience and perception of domestic space.
Research objective: The present study aims to examine and compare the formation of spatial experience in traditional courtyard houses in Iran and traditional houses in Baghdad. It analyzes such dimensions as spatial intimacy, memory, imagination, privacy, dwelling, and the relationship between interior and exterior spaces based on Bachelard’s ideas, while also seeking to identify the potentials and limitations of this theoretical framework for a comparative reading of traditional Iranian and Iraqi architecture.
Research method: The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and a comparative method. Its data were collected through the study of documents, written sources, theoretical texts, and selected examples of traditional houses in Iran and Baghdad. The selected cases were analyzed through Bachelard’s phenomenological concepts, with particular attention to the cultural, social, and climatic contexts of the two architectural traditions.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that both architectural traditions employ elements such as central courtyards, controlled lighting, transitional spaces, and spatial hierarchies to create an intimate and meaningful experience of dwelling. Nevertheless, the quality and meaning of this experience differ across the two contexts. In traditional Iranian houses, elements such as orsi windows, beyond their climatic function, contribute to the experience of light, color, view, and imagination; whereas mashrabiya in traditional Baghdadi houses is more closely associated with privacy, visual control, and the regulation of the relationship between interior and exterior spaces. Moreover, spaces such as sardab and other shaded areas demonstrate that the lived experience of the house cannot be explained solely through a poetic reading of space; rather, climatic conditions, social patterns, and culturally specific modes of dwelling must also be taken into consideration. Therefore, Bachelard’s ideas offer considerable potential for understanding the subjective and lived dimensions of traditional houses in the Middle East. Their application, however, requires a comparative and critical reading that regards the phenomenological experience of space as emerging from the interaction between architectur al features and their cultural, social, and climatic contexts.
کلیدواژه‌ها English
