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تعارض توسعۀ شهری و حفاظت از میراث معماری در شهرهای تاریخی ایران (تحلیل اثرات مخرب پروژه‌های توسعه بر بافت‌های میراثی تبریز و یزد)

https://doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2026.568404.5966
دوره 23، 156 (ویژه‌نامه همایش بین‌المللی «میراث معماری در خطر»)
خرداد 1405
صفحه 33-54
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نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

علیرضا دهقانی اشکذری
ملیکا فدوی
محمدتقی پیربابایی

گروه شهرسازی، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، ایران

چکیده
بیان‌مسئله: تنش میان الزامات توسعۀ شهری مدرن (تجاری‌سازی و زیرساخت‌های گردشگری) و ضرورت حفاظت از میراث معماری، یکپارچگی بافت‌های تاریخی تبریز و یزد را تهدید می‌کند. فقدان مستندسازی دقیق و ضعف در اجرای قوانین حفاظتی نیز این بحران را تشدید کرده است.
هدف پژوهش: هدف از این پژوهش، تحلیل کمّی و کیفی اثرات مخرب توسعه بر میراث معماری، شناسایی الگوهای فضایی تخریب و ارزیابی اثربخشی چهارچوب‌های حفاظتی موجود است.
روش پژوهش: این پژوهش از روش «ترکیبی با طرح تبیینی متوالی» و مبتنی‌بر پارادایم «منظر شهری تاریخی (HUL)» بهره برده است. در فاز کمّی، ۱۵۶ پلاک میراثی به‌عنوان «حسگر شهری» پیمایش میدانی و تحلیل GIS شدند. در فاز کیفی، با استفاده از استراتژی «نمونه‌گیری آشیانه‌ای» و تمرکز بر «موارد انحرافی»، ۴۷ مصاحبه با ذی‌نفعانِ پلاک‌های دارای بیشترین تخریب انجام شد تا مشاهدات خرد به‌صورت استقرایی تعمیم یابند.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌ها تأیید می‌کنند تغییرات خرد به‌طور سیستماتیک باعث دگرگونی مخرب کلان شده‌اند؛ به‌طوری‌که 6/34درصد از نمونه‌های تبریز (عمدتاً بازآفرینی تجاری در بازار) و 6/28درصد در یزد (هتل‌سازی شتاب‌زده در فهادان) دچار تخریب ساختاری شده‌اند. پژوهش سه سازوکار اصلی شامل «تخریب پنهان»، «ناپایداری سازه‌ای» و «اعیان‌نشینی» را شناسایی کرده و بر لزوم گذار فوری به رویکرد حفاظتی HUL تأکید دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

توسعۀ شهری
میراث معماری
شهرهای تاریخی
گسترش تجاری
تأثیر گردشگری
حفاظت فرهنگی.
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Conflict Between Urban Development and Architectural Heritage Conservation in Iran’s Historic Cities (An Analysis of the Destructive Impacts of Development Projects on the Heritage Fabrics of Tabriz and Yazd Abstract)

نویسندگان English

Alireza Dehghany Ashkezari
Melika Fadavi
Mohamad Taghi Pirbabaei
Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Iran
چکیده English

Problem statement: The tension between the imperatives of modern urban development (such as commercialization and tourism infrastructure) and the necessity of architectural heritage conservation threatens the integrity of the historic fabrics of Tabriz and Yazd. Furthermore, the lack of precise documentation and the weak enforcement of conservation laws have exacerbated this crisis.
Research objective: To conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the destructive impacts of development on architectural heritage, identify the spatial patterns of degradation, and evaluate the effectiveness of existing conservation frameworks.
Research method: This study employs an “explanatory sequential mixed-methods design” grounded in the “Historic Urban Landscape (HUL)” paradigm. In the quantitative phase, 156 heritage parcels were utilized as “urban sensors” for field surveying and GIS analysis. In the qualitative phase, employing a “nested sampling” strategy with a focus on “deviant cases,” 47 interviews were conducted with stakeholders of the most severely degraded parcels to inductively generalize micro-level observations.
Conclusion: The findings confirm that micro-level alterations have systematically driven destructive macro-level transformations. Specifically, 34.6% of the samples in Tabriz (predominantly due to commercial regeneration in the Bazaar) and 28.6% in Yazd (driven by rapid hotel construction in the Fahadan district) have sustained structural damage. The research identifies three primary mechanisms driving this loss—”hidden degradation,” “structural instability,” and “gentrification”—and emphasizes the urgent need for a transition to the HUL conservation approach.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Urban Development
  • Architectural Heritage
  • Historic Cities
  • Commercial Expansion
  • Tourism Impact
  • Cultural Conservation.
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