واکاوی الگوواره‌های ادراکی متخصصان معماری دربارۀ عوامل بیوفیلیک مؤثر بر رفاه ذهنی ساکنان مجتمع‌های مسکونی


مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از 12 اردیبهشت 1405

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه معماری، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران

چکیده
بیان مسئله: کمبود حضور مناظر طبیعی در مسکن معاصر و گسست انسان از طبیعت در جوامع مدرن، ساکنان را مزایای آرامش‌بخش محیط طبیعی محروم کرده و مسئلۀ ارتقای رفاه ذهنی و سلامت روان آنان را به یکی از چالش‌های مهم در طراحی محیط‌های مسکونی تبدیل کرده است.
هدف پژوهش: این پژوهش باهدف شناسایی و طبقه‌بندی دیدگاه‌های غالب متخصصان معماری آشنا با اصول طراحی بیوفیلیک دربارۀ تأثیر طراحی مبتنی‌بر طبیعت بر رفاه و بهزیستی ذهنی ساکنان مجتمع‌های مسکونی انجام شده است.
روش پژوهش: این مطالعه ماهیتی اکتشافی داشته و از نظر هدف بنیادی و از نظر شیوۀ گردآوری داده‌ها، توصیفی -پیمایشی است. برای شناسایی دیدگاه‌های متخصصان از روش دلفی و برای طبقه‌بندی الگوواره‌های ادراکی آنان از تحلیل عاملی کیو استفاده شد. در مرحلۀ دلفی، ۲۰ نفر از متخصصان حوزۀ آموزش و طراحی معماری به روش هدفمند و غیراحتمالی انتخاب شدند؛ حجم نمونه برمبنای انتخاب جامعیت خبرگان با ذهنیت متمایز و مشارکت آنها تأیید شد. سپس برای انجام تحلیل عاملی کیو، پرسش‌نامه‌ای براساس مقیاس لیکرت تدوین و میان خبرگان توزیع شد و داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار SPSS- 27 تحلیل شد.
نتیجه‌‎گیری: یافته‌ها نشان داد که چهار الگوی ذهنی غالب در میان متخصصان وجود دارد: الگوی عینی (کیفیت بصری طبیعت) (635/14%)، الگوی عملکردی (ساختار طبیعت) (027/13%)، الگوی معناگرا نسبت به طبیعت (879/12%) و الگوی حسی (فیزیک غیر بصری طبیعت) (996/9%). این چهار الگو بیانگر آن است که متخصصان معماری، طبیعت را از چهار منظر بصری، عملکردی، معنایی و غیر بصری در بهبود رفاه و بهزیستی ذهنی ساکنان مجتمع‌های مسکونی مؤثر می‌دانند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Exploring Architectural Experts’ Perceptual Patterns of Biophilic Factors Influencing Subjective Well-Being of Residential Complex Residents

نویسندگان English

Mahsa Mirheydarian
Esmaeil Zarghami
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Problem statement: The scarcity of natural landscapes in contemporary residential settings and the disconnection between humans and nature in modern societies deprive residents of the tranquilizing benefits of natural environments. Consequently, enhancing subjective well-being and mental health has come to be known as a critical challenge in residential setting design.
Research objective: The present study was an attempt to identify and classify the dominant perspectives of architectural experts familiar with biophilic design principles regarding the influence of nature-based design on the subjective well-being of residents in residential complexes.
Research method: The present heuristic study is fundamental in terms of objective and falls into the category of descriptive survey studies in terms of data collection. The Delphi method was employed to identify expert perspectives, and Q factor analysis was used to classify their perceptual patterns. In the Delphi phase, 20 experts in architectural education and design were selected through purposive, non probability sampling. The sample size was justified by the inclusive recruitment of experts with distinct views and their participation in the study. A Likert scale questionnaire for Q factor analysis was then administered to the experts, and the data were analyzed with SPSS 27.
Conclusion: The findings revealed four dominant subjective patterns among architectural experts: Objective pattern (visual quality of nature) 14.635%, Functional pattern (structure of nature) – 13.027%, Semantic pattern (semantic relationship with nature) – 12.879%, and Sensory pattern (non visual physics of nature) – 9.996%. These four patterns indicate that architectural experts consider nature effective in improving residents’ subjective well being from four perspectives: visual, functional, semantic, and non visual.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Biophilia in architecture, Residential complex, Experts&‌‌‌rsquo
  • subjective patterns, Q factor analysis, Subjective well being.
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