گاهشناسی نسبی و کاربست سازۀ ورودی جنوب‌غربی ربع رشیدی

دوره 23، شماره 155
اردیبهشت 1405
صفحه 5-14

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ حفاظت آثار فرهنگی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، ایران

2 گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات، دانشگاه اژه، ازمیر، ترکیه

چکیده
بیان مسئله: قدمت، کاربری و بانی سازۀ ورودی جنوب‌غربی ربع رشیدی جای پرسش دارد: آیا بازماندۀ سدۀ 8 هجری است یا سده‌های 9 تا 11 هجری؟ و آیا دروازۀ قلعه بوده است یا درگاه عمارتی غیرنظامی؟ فرضیۀ پژوهندگان بر مبنای منطق قیاس محتمل تبیین می‌کند که این سازه، دروازۀ قلعۀ رشیدیۀ فترت رومیّۀ تبریز است که به فرمان جعفرپاشای فرنگی عثمانی ساخته شده بود. 
هدف پژوهش: ربع‌‌ رشیدی از سدۀ 8 تا 11 هجری سه دورۀ سکونت و کاربری داشته است که شناسایی کاربست و گاهشناسی نسبی ساختارهای معماری هر یک از آن‌ها در چگونگی برنامه‌ریزی‌های مرمتی و گردشگری اثرگذار است.
روش پژوهش: در این پژوهش پس از بررسی و مستندنگاری سازۀ ورودی جنوب‌غربی به روش میدانی باستان‌شناختی و ترسیم پلان و رلووۀ سازه با استفاده از پهپاد، شش گزارش تاریخی دست اول سده‌‌های 10 و 11 هجری دربارۀ قلعۀ رشیدیه و فترت رومیۀ تبریز بررسی شده‌‌اند:  «تاریخ عثمان‌‌پاشا» (993 ق.)، «شجاعت‌‌نامه» (993 ق.)،  «تبریزیه» (993 ق.)، «تواریخ غزوات سلطان مراد ثالث» (996 ق.)، «شرف‌‌نامۀ بدلیسی» (1005 ق.) و «عالم‌‌آرای عباسی» (1042 ق.). 
نتیجه‌گیری: پیوستگی و دوختگی سازۀ ورودی جنوب‌غربی با حصار قلعۀ رشیدیه و همانندی شیوۀ بنّایی و مصالح آن‌ با برج بزرگ جنوبی و بارو دلالت دارد که دروازۀ ساختۀ جعفرپاشای فرنگی عثمانی در سال‌های فترت رومیّۀ تبریز است و تنها بخش‌های خشتی و گلی بارو، بازماندۀ تعمیرات شتابان شاه‌عباس صفوی در بهار 1019 ق. است. سازۀ هشتی پشت نیم‌برج‌ها نیز کاربری تشریفاتی و ورودی همگانی آن را تبیین می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Relative Dating and Function of the Southwest Entrance of Rabʿ-e Rashidi

نویسندگان English

Bahram Ajorloo 1
Behzad Mehdizadeh 2
1 Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Cultural Materials Conservation, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
چکیده English

Problem statement: Dating, function, and founder of the SW entrance in Rabʿ-e Rashidi seems problematic: is it from the 14th CE or the 15th-17th CE? Is its purpose as a fortification gate or a civil entry? The abductive hypothesis of the authors explains this structure as the gate to the fort of Rashidiyya built by the order of Ottoman Jafar Pasha Frenk during the Roman Gap of Tabriz.
Research objective: Rabʿ-e Rashidi has three periods of occupation during the 14th-17th CE. The recognition of function and dating of their architectural periods is effective on plannings of restoration & tourism.
Research method: The structure of the SW entrance was surveyed, documented, and its plan and the roleve of the structure were drawn by the methods of field archaeology and a quadcopter. Historically, then after, six first-hand resources from the 16th-17th CE on the fort of Rashidiyya and the Roman Gap of Tabriz were studied: “History of Osman Paşa” (1585), “Şeca’atname” (1585), “Tebriziyye” (1585), “Campagne Histories of Sultan Murad III” (1587), “Histoire des Kourdes” (1597), and “‘Alamārā-ye ‘Abbāsī” (1632).
Conclusion: The stitching of the SW entrance to the structure of the rampart of Rashidiyya, as well as the similarity of its building materials and manner with the southern outwork, indicate that it was built by the Ottoman Jafar Pasha Frenk during the Roman Gap of Tabriz. Only the brick and mud parts of the rampart are remnants of those quick repairs carried out by the Great Shah Abbas Safavid in the spring of 1610. The simple structure of the vestibule behind the bastions also explains that it had a formal function and a public entrance as well. 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Rabʿ-e Rashidi
  • Rashidiyya fort
  • Ilkhanid period
  • Roman gap of Tabriz
  • Ottoman Jafar Pasha Frenk.
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