The Functioning and Architecture of the Haroonia Toos Building

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Assistant professor and faculty member of archaeology department, university of Birjand

2 Assistant professor and faculty member of archaeligy.departement university of birjand

Abstract

Problem statement: Among the various branches of architecture, the monuments of the tomb have a special place; therefore, the tombs after the mosques are the most common building in Iran and have rooted in the context and culture of Iran. The tomb’s health of a large number of Characters, especially scholars and mystics are unknown, and even in many cases, the date of death and the place of death has not been considered. The Harmony building in the Old Town of Toos is one of the buildings where there is a lot of ambiguity about the exact operation and construction history.
Purpose and method of the research: The main topic in this article is the elimination of these ambiguities and the recognition of the Harmony building, by reviewing written and non-textual sources (library-documentary and field) and comparative study and comparing it with other similar and contemporary works. The type of research in this article is descriptive-analytic and historical content.
The Result of the Research: based on what has previously been mentioned, it can be concluded that Haroonia is a building that was built in the 8th century AD and during the rule of the Shi’ite ruler of Sarbadārs dynasty, in order to burial one of the ancients and dervishes of this dynasty. Political conflicts and power struggles and the early fall of Sarbadārs in the eighth century AH led to the unfinished construction, and after some time, its historical and religious signs were destroyed by subsequent governments, and it was recognized in Haroonia without any historical backing.

Keywords

References

Allemagne, H. (n. d.). ‎Du Khorassan au pays des Backhtiaris: trois ans de voyage en Perse. Translated by Farevashi, B. Tehran: Amirkabir.
‎Azhand, Y. (1984).Gheyam Shi’i Sarbedaran. Tehran: Gostareh Publishing.
Diez, E. (1918). Churasanische baudenk maler. Berlin–Zehlendorf .
Eʿtemād-al-Salṭana, M. (1985). Merʾāt al-boldān. In an effort of Alaa, P. & Mohammad Ali Sepanlou, M. A. Vol. 4. Tehran: Asfar Publishing.
Hâfiz Ebrû. (n. d.). Tarikh- e Hafiz Ebru [Hâfiz Ebrû history]. Manuscripts. Tehran:  Malek library Archive.
Hosseini, S. M. (1995). Harunya Toos. Mishkat, (49). Available from: https://hawzah.net/fa/Article/View/43450.
Hill, D. & Grabar, O. (1996). Islamic architecture and it’s decoration. Translated by Vahdati daneshmand, M. Tehran: Scientific and cultural publications.
Hertzfeld, E. (1969). A brief list of Iranian monuments and buildings. Berlin: Printing House.
Hillenbrand, R. (2007). Islamic Architecture. Translation by Etesam, I. Tehran: Barnamerizi- ye shahri.
Ibn al-Subki. (n. d.). Tabaqat al-shafi’iyya. Vol. 4.
IbnBattota. (1991). The travels of IbnBattota , Vol. I.Translated by Movahed, A. A. Tehran: Agah Publications.
Ibn Khallikan. (1367 A.H). Wafayāt al-aʿyān wa-anbāʾabnāʾaz-zamān [Deaths of Eminent Men and History of the Sons of the Epoch]. Vol. 2. Cairo.
Joveyni , A. M. (1958). ‎The history of the world conquerer. Vol. 1. & 2. Corrected by Qazvini, M. Tehran: Bamdad Publication.
Iqbali, M. (1969). Manuscript of the Malek Library from Mashhad Toos Book. Corrected by Imam, S. M. Tehran: National Library of Malek Publishing.
Khafi, F. (1960). Mojmal- e Fasihi [Fashhi History]. Corrected by Farrokhi, M. Mashhad: Ancient Bookstore.
Khāfi, Sh. A. (Hâfiz Ebrû). (1991). Joghrafia- ye tarikhi- ye khorasan dar tarikh- e Hafiz Ebru [Historical geography of Khorasan in the history of Hâfiz Ebrû]. Corrected by Varahram, Gh. Tehran: Etela’at Publishing.
Khannikov. (1996). Safarnameh Khannikov [Khannikov itinerary (Southern Central Asia travel report)]. Translated by Yaghmaei, A. & Biginah, A. Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi.
Khonji, F. (1976). Mahman name- ye Bokhara [Guestbook of Bukhara] Corrected by Sotoudeh, M. Tehran: Book Publishing Company.
Khorasani, M. H. (2007).  Montakhab al- tavarikh. Tehran: Ismailie Bookstore.
Kuhestani, H. (2003). Haroonia Building; Analysis on the Architecture and Functioning. Master’s Thesis for Archeology, University of Tehran.
Labaf Khaniki, R. (1999). Sima- ye miras- e farhangi- ye Khorasani [The Face of Khorasani Cultural Heritage]. Mashhad: Cultural Heritage Organization of Khorasan.
Labaf Khaniki, R. & Bakhtiari Shahri, M (1996). Tarh- e shenakht- e Taberan [Tabaran Recognition Project]. Mashhad: Khorasan Cultural Heritage Archive (unpublished).
Mir Khvand. (1959). Rawżat aṣ-ṣafā [Ghajar History]. Tehran: Pirouz Publicatons.
Mousavi, S. M. (1991). Toos shahr- e khofte dar tarikh [Toos a Sleeping City in History]. Tehran: Cultural Heritage Organization.
Mustawfī Qazvīnī, H. (1983). Nazhat al-Qolub. Corrected by Lestranj. Tehran: World Book Publishing.
Naser-al-Din Shah Qājār. (1975). Safarname- ye itinerary [Khorasan itinerary]. Tehran: Iranzamin Publishing.
Naderi, B. (1975). Gozaresh- e haffari- ye bana- ye harooni- ye [Drilling Report of Haroonia Building]. Archive of Khorasan Cultural Heritage (unpublished).
Pop, A. U. (1987). Persian architecture. Translated by Sadri Afshar, G. H. Urmia: Anzali Publications.
Samarqandī, D. (n. d.). The tadhkirata Sh. Shuara [Memairs of the poets]. Correction and Researchby Abbasi, M. Tehran: Barani Bookstore.
Seyyedi, M. (1960). Haroonia va Ghazālī [Haroonia and Ghazālī]. Archives of the Cultural Heritage of Khorasan Razavi (unpublished).
Shariati,  A. (1984). Rahnama- ye Khorasan [Guidance to Khorasan]. Tehran: Alefba Publications.
Sykes, S. P. (1963). Tahghighat- e tarikhi darbare- ye Khorasan [Historical Research on Khorasan]. Translated by Saeedi, Gh. Astan Quds, (15): 15-24.
Taheri, A. (1958). Joghrafiya- ye tarikhi- ye khorasan az nazar- e jahangardan [Historical Geography of Khorasan for Tourists]. Tehran: Shora- ye markazi- ye jashn- e shahanshahi- ye Iran.
Taqraei, M. (2003). Masjed- e jame- e Taberan [Tabaran Mosque]. Archives of Khorasan Razavi Cultural Heritage (unpublished).
Tabatabaee Mohit, M. (1974). Hakamiyat darbare- ye khaneghah- e ghadim- e Toos [Arbitration on the Old Monastery of Toos]. Majale- ye daneshkade elahi- ya t- e Mashhad, (10): 11.
Wilber, D. (1986). Islamic Architecture of Iran during the Ilkhan. Translated by Faryar, A. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publishing.
Yate, E. Ch. (1986). Khurasan and Sistan. Translated by Roshani, Gh.  & Rahbari, M. Tehran: Yazdan Publications
The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar
Volume 15, Issue 64
October 2018
Pages 71-80

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics