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M. A. Student in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
Abstract
In order to teach religious philosophy and affairs in a religious space, Theocratic regimes of have begun to build a new school called the mosque-school with the help of the field provided by the mosque-shrines and the mosque-khanghah. Several studies have been conducted on the formation of these particular buildings and their properties; however, it seems that these architectural buildings still have many instructions for contemporary architecture of Iran. In this research, descriptive, historical-analytical research method has been used and the required information has been collected through written sources and field studies. In the article, suitable methods for typology were investigated and an interpretive method was found to be appropriate for the specific typology. Accordingly, the form and structure of the mosque-schools were studied and it was attempted to suggest a suitable typography based on the way of placement and the relationship between the two educational and religious parts and functions of building. The present study, based on the results, divides and categorizes this type of architectural buildings into three general groups. The first types of mosque-schools, in the central region of Iran -including Isfahan, Kashan and Yazd-have been constructed with a distinct view of Islamic Sharia based on the separation of religious and educational space. The second types of mosque-schools are simpler and more modest, and are designed and implemented in situations of lower political and social sensitivity with broad geographic spread. In the third type of our suggested typology, which is more recent of two other types, the full composition of the mosque and school has emerged. This type was very popular in Tehran and during the Qajar period and mosque-school form and structure of Marvi mosque-school had great effect on this type and followed by many of its mosque-schools. An examination of the existing relationships between the time and place and the form of the mosque-schools indicates the influence of religious beliefs and sensitivities, the amount of costs and space intended to build and following of the form and composition of well-known mosque-schools.
پهلوان‌زاده، لیلا .1391. معماری مسجد مدرسه‌های اصفهان. قابل دسترسی از http://www.memarnet.com/fa/node/779 معماریان، غلامحسین و طبرسی، محمدعلی.1392. گونه و گونه‌شناسی معماری. انجمن علمی معماری و شهرسازی ایران، (6) : 114-103. مؤمنی، کورش. 1390. بازشناسی مفهوم هویت فرهنگی در معماری مسجد -مدرسه ایران، (مورد مطالعه: دوره قاجار). پایان‌نامه دکتری تخصصی. دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. کیانی، محمد یوسف. 1389. معماری ایران (دوره اسلامی). تهران : سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی دانشگاه‌ها (سمت). سلطان‌زاده، حسین. 1364. تاریخ مدارس ایران : از عهد باستان تا تأسیس دارالفنون. تهران : نشر آگاه. گلچین عارفی، مهدی. 1394. حکایت خرگرد و مدرسه: در نسبت مدرسه غیاثیه و بستر ظهورش. تهران : نشر روزنه. هیلن براند، رابرت. 1390. معماری اسلامی: فرم، عملکرد و معنی. ت : اعتصام، ایرج. تهران : سازمان فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات شهرداری تهران. پیرنیا، محمد کریم. 1392. آشنایی با معماری اسلامی ایران. تهران : نشر سروش دانش. هوشیاری، محمدمهدی. 1392. گونه‌شناسی مسجد-مدرسه در معماری اسلامی ایران: بررسی چگونگی ارتباط میان فضای آموزشی و نیایشی. دو فصلنامه معماری ایران، (3) : 54-37. حاجی قاسمی، کامبیز. 1377. گنج‌نامه بناهای مذهبی تهران. تهران : سازمان میراث فرهنگی کشور. حاجی قاسمی، کامبیز. 1375. گنج‌نامه مساجد اصفهان. تهران : سازمان میراث فرهنگی کشور. کسایی، نورالله. 1374. مدارس نظامیه و تأثیر علمی و اجتماعی آنها. تهران : امیرکبیر. دهخدا، علی‌اکبر. 1377. لغتنامه. دانشگاه تهران. تهران مهدوی نژاد، محمدجواد. 1391. گونه‌شناسی مسجد ـ مدرسه‌های دورة قاجار. مطالعات شهر ایرانی اسلامی، (11) : 15-5. Marradi, A. (1990). Classification, Typology, Taxonomy. Quality and Quantity. Universities of Bologna and Florence. Groat, L. & Wang, D. (2002). Architectural Research Methods. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Hosseini Alamdari, A., Mousavi, E., Keramati Sheikholeslami, H., & Saadatmand, M. (2017). The Typology of the Mosque-Schools of Iran
Based on the Method of Access. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar, 14(53), 57-68.
MLA
Arash Hosseini Alamdari; Ehsan Mousavi; Hamid Keramati Sheikholeslami; Maryam Saadatmand. "The Typology of the Mosque-Schools of Iran
Based on the Method of Access". The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar, 14, 53, 2017, 57-68.
HARVARD
Hosseini Alamdari, A., Mousavi, E., Keramati Sheikholeslami, H., Saadatmand, M. (2017). 'The Typology of the Mosque-Schools of Iran
Based on the Method of Access', The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar, 14(53), pp. 57-68.
VANCOUVER
Hosseini Alamdari, A., Mousavi, E., Keramati Sheikholeslami, H., Saadatmand, M. The Typology of the Mosque-Schools of Iran
Based on the Method of Access. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar, 2017; 14(53): 57-68.
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