Beyond Smart: Exploring the Shift from “Smartness” to True” Intelligence” in Contemporary Housing

Volume 22, Issue 153
March 2026
Pages 31-52

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Department of Urban Planning & Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology , Tehran, Iran

Abstract
Problem statement: In recent years, the concept of smart homes (SHs) has evolved through advances in digital technology. Yet, many SHs prioritize automation and efficiency over more complex aspects of intelligence, such as learning, adaptability, and meaningful interaction. 
Research objective: The main aim of this study is to examine how smartness differs from true intelligence within the realm of contemporary housing. This study analyzes three housing projects to examine the balance between technological innovation and human-centered design, exploring pathways toward achieving “true intelligence” in homes.
Research method: This paper distinguishes between “smartness” and “true intelligence” in housing through a comparative analysis of three global projects: Babcock Ranch (USA), Bosco Verticale (Italy), and Masdar Housing (UAE). The research adopts a comparative analytical framework informed by Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, while also incorporating evaluations of human, collective, and artificial (AI) forms of intelligence.
Conclusion: Radar chart analysis reveals that Babcock Ranch performs consistently well across all dimensions, particularly in human and collective intelligences, due to its civic platforms and adaptive systems. Bosco Verticale excels in biophilic and spatial design but lacks digital responsiveness. Masdar Housing shows strength in AI-driven and environmental adaptation, yet falls short in user feedback and expressive interaction. The study introduces a novel evaluation framework grounded in Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligences to assess how housing environments can support cognitive, social, spatial, and existential intelligences. It highlights the need for future designs to go beyond mere smartness toward more human-centered, integrated, and intelligent living environments.

Keywords

Subjects
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