The Impact of Russian Wooden House Architecture on Gomishan’s Wooden Houses

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate in Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin Branch, Qazvin, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Architecture Department, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Architecture Department, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin Branch, Qazvin, Iran.

Abstract

Problem statement: The present study attempts to examine the effect of Russian wooden house architecture on Gomishan’s wooden houses. To this end, the forms of wooden houses of Turkmens in Gomishan and their Russian counterparts were examined from different perspectives such as materials, building style, physical features, aesthetic elements, and visual elements.
Research objectives: The significance of this study lies in defining the relationship between the cultural characteristics of Turkmen tribes and those of Russian Tribes with whom they used to interact. The main question of this research is what relationship exists between wooden houses in Russia and those in Gomishan. Theoretical findings of the current study highlight the interdependency of tribes’ architecture and the role of culture and cultural interactions in the formation of houses and their various parts in different tribes in the past.
Research method: This study adopted a descriptive-analytical method based on a comparative research approach. Data were collected through the library method and field observations. The social and cultural principles of Turkmen tribes were compared with Russian traditional tribes. Then, similar elements and attributes between them were identified. Moreover, the effects of the extracted attributes on Gomishan’s Turkmen houses were investigated. The architectural culture of Russian wooden is considered the independent variable of the study while the architecture of Gomishan’s wooden homes is regarded as a dependent variable.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Russian wooden houses have influenced the architecture of Gomishan’s wooden houses, spatial allocations, façade, and aesthetic elements as well as building tools and methods. This effect is rooted in the interactions between their cultural and social thoughts and beliefs. It is concluded that the cultural, local, and climatic elements of Turkmen tribes have been merged with the cultural and local attributes of Russia. This has resulted in a special type of architecture that is compatible with their cultural characteristics from many aspects.

Keywords


Abdullahi,R., & Ali Mohammadi, Gh. R. (2000). Explaining the principles of culture in the native architecture of Iran and its relationship with creating a sense of belonging to the place. Urban Management, 17 (50), 33- 46.
Aghipour, M. (2014). Gomishan: Do Qadiq Makan [Gomishan: Two Ghadiq places]. Gorgan: Makhtumoghli Farghi.
Bozorgzad, A. & Alborzi, F. (2000). Investigating the role of social interactions in the architecture of cultural spaces. In The 5th International National Conference on Architecture and Urban Planning in Iran in the Transition of Works and Thoughts. Qazvin: Islamic Azad University.
Eremeev, V. (2016). The wooden architecture of houses of ancient Russia in XU-XIX century. Retrieved from https://elar.urfu.ru/handle/10995/47115?mode=full.
Frootan, A. (2011). Gomishan Tarikh-e Sarzamin-e Farhang [Gomishan History of the Land of Culture]. Golestan: Rasanesh.
Geertz, C. (1975). The interpretation of cultures. United Kingdom: Hutchinson.
Goli, A. (1987). Tarikh-e Siasi va Ejtema’i-ye Torkaman-ha [Political and Social History of the Turkmen]. Tehran: Elm.
Hartten, T. (2013). Wooden architecture Russia’s window on the past present and future. Retrieved from https://seeforestfortrees.com/wooden-architecture-russias-window-on-the-past-present-and-future-354a22ceb5fc.
 Hedayati, F. (2010). The Architecture of Russian Wooden Houses. In H. Soltanzadeh, (Ed.), Identity in Contemporary World Architecture, Collection of Architecture Articles. Qazvin: Islamic Azad University.
Irons, W. (2006).  The Yomut Turkmen: A Study of Social Organization among a Central Asian Turkic-speaking Population (M. A. Kan’ani Trans.). Tehran: Afkar.
Karimi, A. N. & Afra, E. (2005). Takhrib-e Choob-Alat dar Sakhteman: Shive-ha-ye Mohandesi-ye Timar-e Hefazati [Demolition of wood in the building: engineering methods of protection treatment]. Tehran: Ayizh.
 Kilborn, D., Fery, L. & Duvekot, L. (2017). The City of St. Petersburg’s Design Guidelines for Historic Properties. Retrieved from https://pdfroom.com/books/the-city-of-st-petersburgs-design-guidelines-for-historic-properties/Wx5aDwx02BJ.
Mahmoudinejad, H. (2009). Maskan-e Bumi-ye Torkaman Goone-Shenasi va Molahezat-e Kalbodi [Turkmen vernacular housing typology and physical considerations]. Tehran: Heleh / Tahan.
Malek Mohammadi, H., Sultanzadeh, H. & Armaghan, M. (2019). The role of egalitarianism and hospitality on the continuity of living in Gomishan houses. Islamic Iranian city, 9 (36), 35-48.
Matoufi, A. (2010). Tarikhche-ye Chahar Shahr-e Torkaman-Neshin: Aq-qala, Bandar-e Torkaman, Gomsh Depe, Gombad Kavous [History of four Turkmen cities: Aqqala, Bandr-e Turkmen, Gomsh Depe, Gonbad Kavous]. Gorgan: Makhtumoghli Farghi.
Melgonov, G. V. (1997). The southern shores of the Caspian Sea or the northern provinces of Iran. Tehran: Ketab-Sara.
Memarian, Gh. H. (2012). A look at the theoretical foundations of architecture. Tehran: Soroush-e Danesh.
Mohammadi Badr, N. (2008). Naghsh-e Tarjome dar Ta’amolat-e Farhangi Beyn-e Iran va Rusiyeh [The role of translation in cultural interactions between Iran and Russia]. Foreign Languages ​​Research, (43), 121-139.
Mir Yousefi, P. (2009). Memari-ye Choob; Az Gilan ta Alzas [Wood architecture; From Gilan to Alsace]. Memar, (55), 46-40.
Pimenova, N. N. & Marysheva, A.V. (2011). Wooden Zodchestvo of Krasnoyarsk City as the Space for Forming Territorial and Ethno-Cultural Identity. Retrieved from http://journal.sfu-kras.ru/en/number/260.
Rapoport, A. (2003). Cultural Origins of Architecture (S. Alerasoul & A. Bank Trans.). Khiyal, (8), 56-97. 
Rapoport, A. (2005). The Meaning of the Built Environment: A Nonverbal Communication Approach. (F. Habib, Trans.). Tehran: Urban Planning and Processing.
Rapoport, A. (2009). Pour une Anthropologie de la Maison [an Anthropology of the House] (K. Afzalian, Trans.). Tehran: Herfe Honarmad.
Sarley, A. M. (2017). Turkmen History. Gorgan: Makhtumoghli Farghi.
Soltanzadeh, H. (2014). The role of geography and culture in formation of house roof.  Human Geography Research, 46 (2), 449-464.
Strelka Magazine. (2016). The Wooden Age of Moscow Architecture. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/784618/a-la-izba-and-faux-stone-moscows-age-of-wooden-architecture.
Varjavand, P. (1974). Didar-I az Asar-e Tarikhi va Memari-ye Choobi-ye Shahr-e Haji Trkhan. A visit to the historical monuments and wooden architecture of Haji Tarkhan (Astrakhan). Honar-va-Mardom, (140&141), 2-7.