An Investigation of the Relation between the Structural Components of the Vernacular Houses in Hot and Arid Areas in Iran (Case Study: Qajar Houses in Yazd)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. of Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Environmental issues and energy crisis are among the problems of contemporary man for which the local architecture in hot and arid areas in Iran has offered some wise solutions. This kind of architecture could obtain great success in thermal balancing with the help of suitable materials and knowledge of the local architects. That is why recognizing the patterns of this architecture can be useful for designing modern houses. This research studies the structural components of Yazd Qajar houses in the hot and arid areas of Iran. The statistical population of this study contains ten traditional houses in Qajar era because most of these buildings have been built in this period. The main objective of this research is recognizing the structural components of the vernacular houses in hot and arid areas in Iran.The main questions are about the ways the structural components of this area could reach to a climatic accordance. The correlation method has been used for finding the relations between different spaces and geometric patterns. Data analysis and achieving to the conclusions have been done by comparison and induction. After doing field studies and collecting data, the measured dimensions of the structural components have been presented in different tables. The design standards used by traditional architects and also the structural patterns have been surveyed.The proportions and spatial relations between various areas have been investigated. According to the aim, this is a quantitative-qualitative research.The correct proportions of the structural components in hot and arid areas in Iran have been reported. This study pointed out that this kind of architecture (in its entirety and details) is in harmony with climatic conditions. Obtained results indicated that these traditional houses could provide the comfort of the residents. The results of this research show the success of traditional architects in reducing consumption of energy

Keywords


Ahadi, P. (2013). A Study of Climatic Architecture of the Yard in Vernacular Residential Buildings in the Cold Zone of Iran. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Ahmadi, Z. (2012). Recognize the missing role of central courtyard to achieve sustainable architecture. Architecture in Hot and Dry Climate, 2(2), 25-40.
Bayat, S. (2017). Investigation of Thermal Comfort in Semi-Open Space of Indigenous Housing. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Faculty of Architecture, Honar University, Tehran, Iran.
Bemanian, M. R., Gholami Rostam, N. & Rahmatpanah, J. (2011). Anasor-e Hoviyatsaz dar memri-ye sonnati-ye khaneha-ye Irani (nemoune-ye moderi: khaneh-ye Rasoolian-e Yazd) [Identification elements in traditional iranian house architecture (case study: Rasoolian house in Yazd)]. Islamic Art Studies, 7(13), 55-68.
Dehkhoda, A. A. (1994). Dehkhoda Dictionary (“Hayat [yard]”). Tehran: University of Tehran & Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute.
Dunhamm, D. (1960). The Courtyard House as a Temperature Regulator. London: New Science.
Ferrer-Forés, J. J. (2010). Courtyard Housing: Environmental Approach in Architectural Education. Conference on Technology & Sustainability in the Built Environment. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hadji Ghasemi, K. (2004). Ganjnameh, Farhang-e Asar-e Memai-ye Eslami-ye Iran (Daftar-e Chahardahom: Khane-ha-ye Yazd) [Ganjnameh, the Encyclopedia of Islamic Architecture of Iran (Fourteenth Book: Yazd Houses)]. Tehran: Rozaneh.
Memarian, Gh. (2008). Ashnaee ba Memari-ye Maskouni-ye Iran (Gooneh Shenasi-ye Daroongara) [Introduction to Iranian Residential Architecture (Introverted Typology)] (Fifth Edition). Tehran: Nashr-e Danesh.
Mofidi Shemirani, M. (2007). Climate and Architecture (Textbook for Ph.D. Course in Architecture). Department of Architecture and Urban Development, Islamic Azad University, Science and Researches Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Nikghadam, N. (2013). Examined the Climatic Patterns of the Courtyards in the Residents of Hot and Humid Areas. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Pirnia M. K. (2003). Sabkshenasi-ye Memari-ye Irani [The Stylistics of Iranian Architecture] (Gh. Memarian, Ed.). Tehran: Pazhouhandeh.
Shayestehfar, M. & Behzadi, M. (2011). Color Coordination with Motifs in Yazd Mosque Decoration. Journal of Islamic Art Studies, 8(15), 91-110.
Soflaee, F. (2004). Environmental Impact of Central Yards on Sustainable Residential Architecture in the Warm and Arid Area in Iran. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Faculty of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch.
Sohrabi, S. (2015). Investigation of Climatic Functions of Ivans in Traditional Buildings of the Hot and Arid Areas in Iran. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Department of Energy and Architecture, University of Arts, Tehran, Iran.
Tavassoli, M. (1974). Architecture in Hot Arid Zone. Tehran: University of Tehran Press.