Relationship of Technology and Conservation in Contemporary Architecture An Analysis Based on Re-Reading the Role transformations of Architect in Architectural Conservation

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate, Faculty of Architecture and Art, Department of Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Art, Department of Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

Abstract
Problem statement: The relationship between “Architecture” and “Architectural Conservation” based on interconnected common foundations, is a traditional issue. The problem of the present research, formed around a triple relationship among “Architecture”, “Technology” and “Architectural Conservation” parallel to technological evolution, has resulted in ambiguities in the architect’s role in the modern triple relationship, which has not yet been resolved in the developing societies.
Research objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the architect’s role in architectural conservation following the technological evolution from traditional to advanced in Western developed societies to attract the attention of developing societies to this issue.
Research method: This paper was written by a combination of historical and causal methods that are the qualitative approach’s subsets.
Conclusion: “Architectural Conservation”, after challenges that have had by pure attention to the artistic or technical aspects of “Architectural Technology” as well as the neglect of social values, nowadays, has chosen a middle ground that considers both dimensions and social values, affected by culture-oriented paradigm. The connection of “architecture”, “technology” and “architectural conservation” to each other and society as a rule derived from the culture-oriented paradigm, has made the presence of the architect in architectural conservation inevitable in terms of covering architectural dimension in this triple relationship on the one hand and establishing a connection between this triple and the society’s culture on the other hand. Besides, considering the architect’s ability to establish a suitable interaction with the experts of “Technology” and “Architectural Conservation” and create a favorable balance between these two domains, it is the architect’s responsibility to take on the leadership of this relationship as a professional duty.


Keywords


Abbasi Harofteh, M. (2016). Tradition of Architecture Conservation in Iran. Yazd: Yazd University.
Abolghasemi, L. (1995). Memari: rouyarou-ye marammat [Architecture facing restoration]. Honar-Ha-Ye Ziba, 1(0), 38-42.
Alana, H. A., Al-Hagle, Kh. S. & Hasan, A. E. (2019). A framework for architects rolein attaining sustainable community development in heritage areas. Alexandria Engineering Journal, (58), 333-343.
Alexander, Ch. (2015). The Nature of Order: An Essay on the Art of Building and The Nature of the Universe (vol. 2, R. S. Sabri & A. Akbari). Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University.
Alexander, Ch. (2016). The Nature of Order: An Essay on the Art of Building and The Nature of the Universe (vol. 1, R. S. Sabri & A. Akbari, Trans.). Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University.
Asefi, M. & Radmehr, M. (2014). Promotion of improvement of physical heritage in the technical area and architecture restoration with an attitude of reconciliation between the two attitudes. Studies on Iranian Islamic City, 4(16), 29-41.
Ayatollahzadeh Shirazi, B. (2003). Hefazat-e bana-ha-ye tarikhi [Protection of historical monuments]. Haft Shahr, 1(11), 6-13.
Barati, N., Davoudpour, Z. & Montazeri, M. (2014). Research Methods in Environmental Studies. Tehran: Saco.
Benevolo, L. (2011). Storia Dell`Architettura Moderna (vols. 1-5, A. M. Sadat Afsari, Trans.). Tehran: Markaz-e Nashr-e Daneshgahi.
Benevolo, L. (2015). Storia Dell`Architettura Del Rinascimento (vols. 1-5, A. M. Sadat Afsari, Trans.). Tehran: Niloufar.
Croci, G. (2017). Conservation and Structural Restoration of Architectural Heritage (B. Ayatollahzadeh Shirazi & M. Hejazi, Trans.). Tehran: Daftar-e Pajouhesh-ha-ye Frhangi.
Falahat, M. S., Kamali, L. & Shahidi, S. (2017). The role of the “sense of place” concept in improving architectural conservation quality. Baghe-e Nazar, 14(46), 15-22.
Feilden, B. M. & Jokilehto, J. (2010). Management Guidelines for World Cultural Heritage Sites (P. Hanachi, Trans.). Tehran: Tehran University.
Feilden, B. M. (2016). Conservation Historic Buildings (M. M. Houshyari, Trans.). Tehran: Tahan.
Gardner, H. (2017). Art Through the Age (M. T. Faramarzi, Trans.). Tehran: Neghah Publication.
Ghobadian, V. (2005). Theories and Concepts in Contemporary Contemporary Western Architecture. Tehran: Daftar-e Pajouhesh-ha-ye Farhangi.
Giedion, S. (2011). Space, Time and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition (M. Mozayeni, Trans.). Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi.
ICOMOS. (2020 June). ICOMOS Charter Principles for the Analysis, Conservation and Structural Restoration of Architectural Heritage. (N.D.). Retrieved September 2020, from Https://Www.Icomos.Org/En/About-The-Centre/Publicationsdoc/179-Articles-En-Francais/Ressources/Charters-And-Standards?Start=16
Jokilehto, J. (2009). A History of Architectural Conservation (M. H. Talebian & Kh. Bahari, Trans.). Tehran: Rozaneh.
Kuhn, T. S. (2017). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (A. Javadzadeh, Trans.). Tehran: Farhange Nashre No.
Mainstone, R. J. (2001). Developments in Structural Form. Oxford: Architectural.
Margolius, I. (2012). Architects + Engineers = Structures (M. Golabchi, Trans.). Tehran: Tehran University.
Monadi Noori, S. & Taghavi, M. (2015). A historical review of the institutionalization of the liberal model of progress in the nineteenth century Europe: an emphasis on development of technology. Iranian Journal the Knowledge Studies in the Islamic University, 19(62), 111-134.
Munoz Vinas, S. (2019). Contemporary Theory of Conservation (Z. Raoufi & M. Khajepour, Trans.). Kerman: Jahad-e Daneshgahi.
Nari Qomi, M & Navai, M. A. (2019). Space of Humane Presence. Tehran: Elm va Danesh.
Nari Qomi, M., Tehrani, F., Raja Qomi, M., Abbaszadeh, M. J. & Mahallatin, A. (2016). Paradaym-ha-ye Mas’ale dar Me’mari [Problem Paradigms in Architecture]. Tehran: Elm-e Memar Royal.
Orbasli, A. (2008). Architectural Conservation: Principles and Practice. Malden: Blackwell.
Parvizi, E., Mahdavinejad, M. J. & Bemanian, M. R. (2016). Investigating the process of technology’s entry into modern architecture. ARMANSHAHR, 8(15), 1-14.
Pizzi, E. (2010). Renzo Piano (S. M. Mousavi, Trans.). Tehran: Elm va Danesh.
Rodwell, D. (2007). Conservation and Sustainability in Historic Cities. Oxford: Blackwell.
Sahmenko, G., Aispurs S. & Krasnikovs, A. (2015). The use of high performance cement composite in renovation and restoration of architectural elements of buildings facades. Procedia Engineering, 117, 317-324.
Scott, F. (2019). On Altering Architecture (A. Einifar & N. Golchin, Trans.). Tehran: Fekr-e No.
Simitch, A. & Warke, V. (2018). The Language of Architecture: 26 Principles Every Architect Should Know. (M. R. Bemanian & A. R. Goudarzi, Trans.). Tehran: Avval va Akhar.
Stanley Price, N. P., Talley, N. & Melucco Vaccaro, A. (2017). Historical and Philosophical Issues in The Conservation of Cultural Heritage (R. Vatandoust, Trans.). Tehtan: Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism.
Tibalds, F. (2015). Making People - Friendly Towns: Improving the Public Environment in Towns and Cities (H. A. Laghai & F. Jadali, Trans.). Tehran: Tehran University.
Tietz, J. (2018). The Story of Modern Architecture (M. R. Shababi, Trans.). Tehran: Tahan.
Vatandoust, R. (2015). Introduction to Historical and Philosophical Issues in The Conservation of Cultural Heritage. N. P. Price., N. Talley & A. Melucco Vaccaro. Tehran: Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism.
Young, G. (2014). Reshaping Planning with Culture (E. A. Keshavarz, Trans.). Tehran: Tisa.
Yousefnejad, S. & Falamaki, M. M. (2019). Analyzing truth and time in the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage. Baghe-e Nazar, 15(69), 5-18.
Zeayter, H. & Mansour, A. M. H. (2018). Heritage conservation ideologies analysis - historic urban landscape approach for a mediterranean historic city case study. HBRC, (14), 345-356.