A Study about the Location of Mosques in Medina during the Era of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) (An Introduction to Principles for Determining Proper Locations for Mosques in Islamic Cities)

Document Type : Research Article

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Abstract

The study of structural reforms in cities like Medina after the advent of Islam is of prime significance for those who follow Islamic ideals in modern urbanization. The following research takes a historical look at evidence of urban development immediately after the introduction of Islam. The authors present the method used by Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) to select proper locations for building mosques as a model. The research’s findings show that before Islam, the city of Medina was made up of scattered neighbourhoods divided by gardens. The city’s tribal structure was reinforced as a result of the scattered water resources and vegetation. Structural changes, coinciding with cultural developments, brought unity out of disparity but without ruling out the presence of different tribes. What led to this balance between tribal tendencies and the sense of unity were mosques, particularly their types and locations. Local and Jaame’ (i.e. grand) mosques became part of a coordinated network prioritizing unity while granting authenticity to different tribes. Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) relied on divine guidance to choose his place of residence and the location of Masjid al-Nabi (i.e. the Mosque of the Prophet). He announced the mosque would be built at the very place that his camel stops. This specific location was at the end of one of the local bazaar’s many tributaries and perfectly accessible from all corners of the city. Thus, various tribal centres were gradually formed around the mosque, which became the centre of the sprawling city. Local mosques became like centres of different neighbourhoods. Masjid al-Nabi did not have a significant structural role in the city but was of great functional importance. Various social events that were considered below the holy spirit of the mosque would take place in a square just opposite the mosque building

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