The Use of the Spatial Arrangement Method for the Hierarchy of Entry in the Houses of Tehran Over the Late Qajar and the First Pahlavi Eras with Emphasis on Privacy

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department Of Architecture,Central Tehran Branch,Islamic Azad University,Tehran,Iran

2 Department of Architecture, Art & Architecture Faculty, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Department of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Abstract
Problem statement: The Iranian concept of ‘home’ goes beyond the physical aspects and is intertwined with the spiritual characteristics of the audience. In the structure of traditional Iranian houses, the design of the small spaces of the house has been based on the needs of the residents, and these needs have influenced the spatial relationships of the house. Investigating the entrance hierarchy in traditional Iranian houses leads to a better understanding of its design principles for contemporary houses.
Research objective: This study attempts to investigate the spatial structure of the entrance in the late Qajar and early Pahlavi traditional houses to extract the most important factors affecting the quality of the entrance through the space arrangement technique. What items are important and practical for the analysis and configuration of the entrance space so that they can answer the residents’ need for psychological and identity security?
Research method: In the first step, after selecting and examining 8 houses from two different periods, in the next step, the selected samples were analyzed using the space arrangement technique and by DEPTH-MAP software. This method is based on the use of graphs that describe the relationships between spaces through concepts such as connection, depth, integration, selection, and control.
Conclusion: it shows that the structure of traditional houses provides better solutions in the field of entry hierarchy and deprivation, and the spaces around the entrance, especially the courtyard, play a communicative role in the entry system. This study shows that the entrance and its spatial relationships respond to human needs. The two periods in question are the most important physical factors in the Qajar houses and the Pahlavi period, which has analyzed these spaces to achieve the issue of deprivation, which is one of their basic foundations.

Keywords

References

Abed, A., Obeidat, B. & Ggaraibeh, I. (2022). Privacy as a motivating factor for spatial layout  transformation in Jordanian public housing. City, Territory and Architecture, 9(14), 16-33.
Ali Tajer, S. A. & Asadi, S. (2014). The impact of human needs on attachment to the physical environment in housing and the prediction of effective factors in its improvement (case study: Tehran city). Armanshahr,11( 23), 65-74.
Alitajern, S. & Molavi Nojoum, G. (2016). Privacy at Home: Analysis of Behavioral Patterns in the Spatial Configuration of Traditional and Modern Houses in the City of Hamedan Based on the Notion of Space Syntax. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 3 (5), 341–352.
Babazadeh Uskoui, S., Tofan, S. & Jamali, S. (2020). Analysis of the perception of privacy in the spatial configuration of contemporary residential complexes, with space syntax approach (case study: Tabriz Asman residential complex). Studies of planning human settlements, 15(2), 353-372.
 Bartlett Faculty. (2020). (Built Environment) VCL  University. Retrived May 20, 2022 from https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett
Ding, J. & Ma, S. S. (2020). Comparative Analysis of Habitation Behavioral Patterns in Spatial Configuration of Traditional Houses in Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang Provinces of China. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 9(1), 54-66.
Estaji, H. (2014).  Flexible Spatial Configuration in Traditional Houses, The Case of Sabzevar. Contemporary Architecture, The New ARCH, 1(1), 26-35.
Fladd, S. G. (2017). Social Syntax: An Approach To Spatial Modification Through The Reworking Of Space Syntax For Archaeological Applications. Journal Of Anthropological Archaeology,1(47), 127-138.
Fatah  Baghali, A., Maqsoudi, M. J. & Hedayati Marzbali, M. (2021). Reflection of the social structure in the spatial configuration of the house with an emphasis on the theory of space syntax. Quarterly Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies,10(38),47-68.
Ghafourian, M., Pey Sokhan, M. & Hesari, E.  (2017). Typology of space organization and entry hierarchy in Iranian houses with the emphasis on privacy. Scientific-research Journal of Physical Development Planning, 2(129), 129-132.
Haghlesan M. (2020). The Study of Spatial Evolution in the Traditional Houses of Iran with Emphasis on the Aspects of Physical and Spatial Relationship using the Space Syntax (Case study: Qajar and Pahlavi houses in Tabriz). Housing and Rural Environment, 39(172), 17-32.
Hajian, M., Tajer, S. & Mahdavinejad, A. (2020). The effect of the yard in the formation of the configuration of traditional Iranian houses in Kashan. Armanshahr, (30), 43-55.
Heydari, A. K. & Taghipour,  M. (2017). Analysis of privacy in a traditional house based on the mass-to-space ratio (case study: single-yard houses in hot and dry climates) Hot and Dry Climate Architecture Journal, 6(8),78-95.
Jabaran, F., Talischi, Gh. R., Dimari, N. & Dori, A. (2017). The mechanisms of quiet regulation in the extroverted houses of Gilan (case study: rural houses). Research of Islamic Architecture, 21(6), 103-121.
Kiaee, M., Peyvastehgarb, Y. & Heidaric, A. A. (2020). Feasibility Study of Developing Space Syntax Components in the Analysis of Traditional Houses. Armanshahr, 13(31), 101-113.
Lang, J. (2012). Creating Architectual Theory: The Role of the Behavioral Sciences in Environmental Design (A. Eiynifar, Trans.) Tehran: University of Tehran. [in Persian]
Maslow., A. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. In F. M. Levine (Ed.), Theoretical Readings in Motivations: Perspective on Human Behaviour. Chicago: Rand McNally College.
Memarian, Gh. H. & Madahi, S. M. (2021). Improving the spatial structure of the houses of Rodsar city by using the syntax of space, Creative Urban Design, 1(4), 41-61.
Memarian, Gh. H. (2022). The style of architectural space. Soffeh, 12(35), 75-83.
Qara Baglo, M. & Mesgrani, S. (2016). Examining Hierarchy, as a Characteristic for Houses (A Survey of Traditional and Contemporary Houses). International Conference on Civil Engineering. Tehran: Architecture and Urban Development, Istashahr Postgraduate Research and Studies Center, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.
Quchani, M. & Arabi, M. (2020). Identifying and prioritizing the influencing factors on the design process and style of space in traditional houses (case study: Semnan House of Adab), Iranian Archaeological Research Quarterly, 10(26), 241-250.
Rastjo, S . & Bemanian, M. R. (2019). Typology of the spatial structure of the contemporary Iranian house based on privacy and hierarchy. Honar-ha-ye Ziba, 24(2), 49-58.
Rismanchian, O. & Bell, S. (2010). Practical understanding of the space layout method in understanding the spatial configuration of cities. Honar-ha-ye Ziba, 2(43),43-56.
Salah AL-Mohannadi, A. & Furlan,  R. (2021). The syntax of the Qatari traditional house: privacy ,gender segregation and hospitality constracting Qatar architectural identity. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 21(2), 1-60.
Shahbazi, M., Bemanian, M. R. & Lotfi A. (2018). A Comparative Analysis of Spatial Configuration in Designing Residential Houses Using Space Syntax Method (Case Studies: houses of Isfahan and Modern Architecture Styles). International Journal of Applied Arts Studies, IJAPAS, 3(1), 21–40.
Zanganeh, N., Moztarzadeh, H., Taghipour, M. & Nasr, M. (2021). Measuring the degree of privacy in the types of the spatial structure of historical houses using mathematical relationships of space syntax (case study: Qajar houses of Shiraz). Urban Identity Magazine,16(49),71-85.
Zarghami, I. & Mansouri, S. T. (2022). Explaining the human-environment relationship using a critique of the theoretical foundations of space syntax. Human and Environment Quarterly, 1(60), 159-181.
Zolfagharkhani M. & Ostwald, M. J. (2021). The Spatial Structure of Yazd Courtyard Houses: A Space Syntax Analysis of the Topological Characteristics of the Courtyard. Buildings, 11(262), 1-22.
The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar
Volume 20, Issue 123
August 2023
Pages 31-42

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics