The Development of the Concept of landscape1 in Persian Poetry in the Early Hijri Centuries (3rd to 7th Hijri)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Abstract

The first step to understand phrases and verses in a text is to understand the meanings and combinations correctly. History of Linguistics and Anthropology of Iran suggests that the notation and understanding of landscape has always existed in this country and there is a meaningful relationship between the concept and the imagined space. Landscape is an old and common concept which was used in many primary Hijri centuries’ poems with similar form and varied meanings. The most prevalent changes regarding this term is its meaning which changes from appearance to inside and from an object to a subject and different narratives of seeing are depicted like viewpoint, window, porch, scene, sky and view. The term "landscape" has a set of sublunary and spiritual meanings and contains descriptive and conceptual aspects. Descriptive aspect narrates the appearance and it is an allegory of morals and an introduction to understand the conceptual aspect. 
This paper studies the concept of landscape in the poems of primary Hijri centuries (3rd to 7th) to indicate its importance and role in the past and now. In order to understand "landscape" and its themes, the old poems of that era are studied here.

Keywords


Abu al Majd Majdud Bin Adam Sanaee Ghaznavi. (1962). Divan-e sher-e abulmajd majdud ebn-e adam sanaee-ye ghaznavi [ Abu Majd Majdud Bin Adam Sanaee Ghaznavi’s Bookof Poems]. Tehran: Ibn Sina.
Abu al Majd Majdud Bin Adam Sanaee Ghaznavi. (2008). Haghighatol haghogh-e shariatol tarigh-e [The Hadiqat al Haqiqa. Tehran: Tehran University.
Attar Neishabouri, Sh. F. (2004). Jooharol zat [Jowhar Al Zat]. Corrected by Teimour Borhan Limudehi. Tehran: Sanaii.
Ferdowsi, Abul Ghasem. (2012). Shahnam-e [Shahnameh]. Tehran: Payame Dousti
Ghobadiani, Naser Khosro. (1928). Divan-e ghasayed va maghtaat-e hakim naserkhosro [ Naser Khosro’s Book of Poems and Odes]. Corrected by Haj Seyed Nasrollah Taghavi. Tehran: Matbae Majlis.
Jalal Aldin Muhammad Bin Muhammad Mowlawi. (2005).divan-e koll-e shams-e tabrizi [The Divan Shams Tabrizi]. Tehran: Shaghayegh
Jalal Aldin Muhammad Bin Muhammad Mowlawi. (2013). masnavi va manavi [Masnavi]. Corrected by Reinold A Nickleson. Tehran: Hermes
Nezami Ganjavi. (2009). Leili va majnun [Leili and Majnun]. Tehran: Pars Book.
Nezami Ganjavi. (2011). Khosro va shirin [Khosro and Shirin]. Tehran: Pars Book.
Nezami Ganjavi. (2011). Sharaf nam-e [Sharaf Nameh]. Corrected by Hassan Vahid Dastgerdi. Tehran: Ghatreh.
Nezami Ganjavi. (2011). Sharaf nam-e [Sharaf Nameh]. Corrected by Hassan Vahid Dastgerdi. Tehran: Ghatreh.
Nezami Ganjavi. (2015). Haft pekar-e nezami [Haft Peikar Nezami]. Tehran: Electronic publication.
Rudaki Samarghandi, Jafar Bin Muhammad. (1999).divan-e ashar [The Divan]. Tehran: Ruyan.
Sheikh Farid Aldin Attar Neishabouri. (1980).Divan-e sheer [Poems]. Corrected by M Dervish. Tehran: Javid.
Sheikh Farid Aldin Attar Neishabouri. (1984). Hillaj nam-e [Hilaj Nameh]. Corrected by Ahmad Khoshnevis. Tehran: Sanaii Library publications.
Sheikh Farid Aldin Attar Neishabouri. (2002). Ashtar nam-e [Ashtar Nameh]. Tehran: The Association of cultural Elites and Masterpieces.
Sheikh Farid Aldin Attar Neishabouri. (2003). Khosro nam-e [Khosro Nameh]. Tehran: Andisheh Gostar Publication.
Sheikh Farid Aldin Attar Neishabouri. (2007). Mosibat nam-e [Mosibat Nameh]. Corrected by Nurani Vesal. Tehran: Zawar.
Sheikh Farid Aldin Attar Neishabouri. (2012). manteghol teir [Mantegh ol Teir]. Tehran: Torbate Jaam Cultural and Social Site.
Sheikh Farid Aldin Attar Neishabouri. (2015). Elahi nam-e [Elahi Nameh]. Corrected by: Shafeie Kadkani. Tehran: Sokhan.
Sheikh Mosleh Aldin Sa’di Shirazi. (2015). Ghazaliyat-e saeedi [Odes of Sa’adi]. Tehran: Nika.
Sistani, Farrokhi. (1932). Divan-e farrokhi-ye sistani [Divan Farrokhi Sistani]. Corrected by Ali Abdol Rasuli, Tehran Matbae Majlis
The Museum of Contemporary Arts of Tehran. (2011).Shahkarha-ye negargari-ye Iran [The Masterpieces of Iranian Miniature]. Tehran: The Institute of Visual Arts and the Museum of Contemporary Arts of Tehran.