تحلیل اصول و ویژگی‌های کلیدی راه‌حل‌های طبیعت‌بنیان در ارتباط با سبزسازی شهری مرور سیستماتیک

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری معماری منظر، دانشکدۀ معماری، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، ایران.

2 استاد معماری، دانشکدۀ محیط زیست، دانشکدگان فنی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار معماری، دانشکدۀ معماری، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
بیان مسئله: تغییرات اقلیمی و پیامدهای آن بر همة ابعاد زیست‌محیطی، اجتماعی، و اقتصادی شهرها اثرگذار بوده است. یکی از مهمترین ایده‌ها برای رفع معضلات، سبزسازی شهری با هدف تمرکز بر بهبود اکولوژی و پایداری شهرهاست اما چگونگی پیاده‌سازی این ایده با چالش‌هایی روبروست. در سال‌های اخیر راه‌حل‌های طبیعت‌بنیان به‌عنوان مفهومی نوظهور و فراگیر مطرح‌شده که ادعا می‌کنند قادر به حل همزمان چالش‌های اکولوژیک و اجتماعی شهرها در سطوح کلان و خرد هستند.
هدف پژوهش: هدف اصلی پژوهش شناسایی و تحلیل ماهیت راه‌حل‌های طبیعت‌بنیان در حل چالش‌ مدیریت ساختارهای سبز شهری از دو بعد نظری و اجرایی است. بر این اساس این پژوهش به این پرسش پاسخ می‌دهد که راه‌حل‌های طبیعت‌بنیان به‌عنوان یک مفهوم جامع در چه ابعادی به سبزسازی شهرها کمک می‌کنند؟
روش پژوهش: این پژوهش با روش مرور سیستماتیک ادبیات نظری و شیوة تحلیلی به بررسی مفاهیم و اصول راه‌حل طبیعت‌بنیان و استخراج ویژگی‌های این مفهوم می‌پردازد و ازطریق تطبیق‌ با مفهوم سبزسازی شهری، ارزش‌های افزوده و همچنین موانع مفهومی و اجرایی آن را تحلیل می‌کند.
نتیجه‌گیری: راه‌حل‌های طبیعت‌بنیان به عنوان یک کانسپت فرارشته‌ای و مشارکتی با درنظرگیری پویایی محیط، برنامه‌ریزی برای پروژه‌های بلندمدت با راه‌حل‌های خاص هر مکان را با حفظ ارزش‌های طبیعی، زیستی و فرهنگی به‌منظور حل چالش‌های پیچیده پیشنهاد می‌دهند. غالب ویژگی‌ها و اصول این راه‌حل‌ها با سبزسازی شهری همپوشانی داشته و از بعد عملیاتی نیز رویکردی مناسب و نسبتاً جامع برای پیاده‌سازی مفاهیم نسبت به سبزسازی شهری هستند. اما همچنان تعریف دقیق‌تری از ماهیت مفهومی راه‌حل‌های طبیعت‌بنیان نیاز است چراکه این راه‌حل‌ها با موانع مفهومی و اجرایی روبرو هستند. موانع مفهومی به مفاهیم اولیه و توضیح ابعاد ادراکی بازمی‌گردد و موانع اجرایی نیز شامل ضعف ارتباطات بین‌نهادی، ارتباط نهادها با ذینفعان، و همچنین ابعاد زمانی-مکانی می‌شود. بر مبنای طبقه‌بندی سه‌گانة این رویکرد (مؤلفه ماهیت مفهومی، اصول و ویژگی‌ها، و فرایندهای اجرایی)، پژوهش پیش ‌رو بر دو مقوله به‌منظور رفع موانع تأکید دارد: 1)درنظرگیری ویژگی‌های کل‌نگری و کثرت‌گرایی برای رفع موانع مفهومی و 2) تعریف اصول واقع‌نگری و قابلیت اجرا، فرایندمحوری، و مقبولیت برای حل موانع اجرایی.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing the Principles and Key Features of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in Urban Greening (UG): A Systematic Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parichehr Saboonchi 1
  • Mohammad Reza Masnavi 2
  • Heshmatollah Motedayen 3
1 Ph.D. in Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor of Architecture & Environmental Design, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Iran.
3 Landscape Architecture Department, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Problem statement: Climate change and its consequences influence all environmental, social, and economic conditions of cities. One of the most important ideas to overcome urban issues is implementing urban greening (UG) to improve the ecology and sustainability of cities; however, the manner of adopting this idea is facing numerous challenges. In recent years, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have proposed an emerging and comprehensive concept for solving the ecological and social challenges of cities at macro and micro levels.
Research objective: The main goal of the research is to identify and analyze the concept of NbS in solving the challenge of managing urban green structures from both theoretical and practical dimensions. Based on this concept, the current research to answer the question of how and in what dimensions NbS, as a comprehensive concept, may support the process of greening cities.
Research mthod: This study investigates the concepts and principles of NBS and extracts its features by applying the systematic review of theoretical foundations and adopting the analytical method; it is followed by targeting the added values ​​and its conceptual and operational obstacles by addressing the concept of UG.
Conclusion: NbS as a transdisciplinary and collaborative concept, by considering the dynamics of the environment, suggests planning for long-term projects with specific solutions for each place while preserving natural, biological, and cultural values to solve the complex challenges.  Most of the features and principles of these solutions overlap with UG concepts, and from the operational aspect, they are a suitable and relatively comprehensive approach for implementing the desired concepts compared to UG approaches. However, a more precise definition is required to address the conceptual nature of NbS, as they are still encountering theoretical and practical obstacles. These conceptual barriers trigger both basic concepts and explanations of perceptual dimensions, while the implementation barriers consist of weak communication between organizations, and between them and the related stakeholders, which includes the temporal-spatial dimensions as well. According to the three-case method (‘concept’, ‘principles & characteristics’, and ‘implementation processes’), the study mainly focuses on two main categories to remove obstacles: 1) considering the features of entirety and multiplicity to resolve the conceptual obstacles, 2) defining the principles of Realism and the applicability, process-based concept, and acceptability of solutions in eliminating the implementation obstacles.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nature-based Solutions (NbS)
  • Green Infrastructure
  • Urban Sustainability
  • Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA)
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