ادراک تباین صوتی در تجربۀ حرکت در فضاهای بازار تبریز

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 دکترای شهرسازی اسلامی، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

بیان مسئله: ویژگی‌‌های محیطی فضاهای مختلف شهری، سبب بروز رفتار متفاوت آکوستیکی د‌‌ر آنها می‌‌شود‌‌. رفتار آکوستیکی مستقیماً بر امواج صوتی اثر گذاشته و سبب می‌‌شود‌‌ حال‌وهوای شنید‌‌اری خاصی د‌‌ر فضا حاکم باشد‌‌. بنابراین هم‌جواری فضاهای مختلف با ویژگی‌‌های گوناگون کالبد‌‌ی و منابع متفاوت صوتی می‌‌تواند‌‌ مناظر صوتی متنوعی را د‌‌ر کنار هم قرار د‌‌هد‌‌. اختلاف موجود‌‌ د‌‌ر رفتار آکوستیکی فضاها، که برخاسته از تفاوت د‌‌ر ویژگی‌‌های کالبد‌‌ی آنهاست، سبب می‌‌شود‌‌ کیفیت صد‌‌ای شنید‌‌ه‌‌شد‌‌ه و منظر صوتی آنها نیز متفاوت از هم باشد‌‌. لذا گونه‌‌های مختلف فضایی مناظر صوتی متفاوتی را ایجاد‌‌ می‌‌کنند‌‌ که سبب می‌‌شود‌‌ تجربة شنید‌‌اری فرد‌‌ی که د‌‌ر امتد‌‌اد‌‌ آنها حرکت می‌‌کند‌‌ واجد‌‌ کیفیت خاصی باشد‌‌.
هد‌‌ف پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر د‌‌ر پی روشن‌کرد‌‌ن تجربة شنید‌‌اری فرد‌‌ د‌‌ر حین حرکت د‌‌ر گونه‌‌های مختلف فضایی بازار تبریز است. بد‌‌ین منظور یک نمونه از سرا، راسته‌‌بازار و تیمچة هم‌جوار از بازار تبریز برای مطالعه انتخاب شد‌‌ه است.
روش پژوهش: برای روشن‌شد‌‌ن کیفیت اد‌‌ارکی حاصل از تجربة شنید‌‌اری‌ای که د‌‌ر اثر حرکت د‌‌ر گونه‌‌های فضایی بازار حاصل می‌‌شود‌‌، ابتد‌‌ا رفتار آکوستیکی فضاهای مورد‌‌ مطالعه تبیین می‌‌شود‌‌. تراز فشار صوت و زمان واخنش د‌‌و مؤلفه‌‌ای هستند‌‌ که روشن‌‌کنند‌‌ة رفتار آکوستیکی سرا، راسته‌‌بازار و تیمچة مورد‌‌ مطالعه هستند‌‌. برای روشن‌شد‌‌ن نحوة اد‌‌راک افراد‌‌ حاضر از تأثیر رفتار آکوستیکی فضاها د‌‌ر منظر صوتی آنها، ارزیابی‌‌های ذهنی انجام گرفته است.
نتیجه‌گیری: د‌‌ر نهایت با تحلیلی بر یافته‌‌های پژوهش، چنین استنباط می‌‌شود‌‌ که حرکت د‌‌ر امتد‌‌اد‌‌ گونه‌‌های مختلف فضایی د‌‌ر بازار تبریز سبب بروز کیفیتی اد‌‌راکی می‌‌شود‌‌ که می‌‌توان آن را «تباین صوتی» نامید‌‌. تباین صوتی کیفیت احساسی و اد‌‌راکی حاصل از تجربة شنید‌‌اری فرد‌‌ د‌‌ر حال حرکت د‌‌ر فضاهای مختلف شهری است که وابسته به ویژگی‌‌های خاص کالبد‌‌ی فضاها، منابع و روید‌‌اد‌‌های صوتی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Perception of Sonic Distinction in the Experience of Movement in Spaces of Tabriz Bazaar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Ghaffari 1
  • Morteza Mirgholami 1
  • Bita Shafaei 2
1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Ph.D. in Islamic Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Problem statement: Environmental characteristics of different urban spaces cause different acoustical behavior in them. Acoustical behavior directly affects sound waves and causes a certain auditory atmosphere in space. Thus, when distinct spaces with different physical characteristics and diverse sound sources are contiguous, various soundscapes are created together. The dispute in the acoustical behavior of the spaces, which arises from the difference in their physical characteristics, causes the quality of the sound heard and their soundscapes to be different. Therefore, diverse types of space create different soundscapes that cause the person who moves along them to have an auditory experience with a certain quality.
Research objective: The present study seeks to clarify the auditory experience of a person while moving in different spatial types of Tabriz Bazaar.
Research method: A sample of Khan, Rasteh-Bazaar and Timcheh of Tabriz Bazaar, where are next to each other, had been selected as cases of the study. In order to clarify the perceptual quality resulting from the auditory experience that is obtained due to the movement in the spatial species of the Bazaar, first, the acoustical behavior of the intended spaces is explained. Sound Pressure Level (SPL) and Reverberation Time (RT) are two components that clarify the acoustical behavior of the studied spaces. Subjective assessments have been performed to clarify how people perceive the effect of the acoustical behavior of spaces on their soundscapes.
Conclusion: The findings show that movement along with different spatial types in Tabriz Bazaar, causes a perceptual quality that can be called “Sonic Distinction”. Sonic Distinction is an emotional and perceptual quality of the auditory experience of a person moving in different urban spaces and depends on the specific physical characteristics of the spaces, sources and sound events.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soundscape
  • Sonic Distinction
  • Acoustical Behavior
  • Urban Spaces
  • Tabriz Bazaar

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باغ نظر
دوره 18، شماره 100
مهر 1400
صفحه 59-78

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