Explanation of the Role of Physical Factors in the Perception of the Sense of Place with an Emphasis on the Theories of Phenomenologists A Case Study of Laleh Sidewalk in Mashhad/ Iran

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Architecture, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Department of Landscape Architecture, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Department of Urbanism, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Problem statement: The path of human perception in the environment has always been through the connection of the human five senses with the physical factors in an architectural space. The process of perception by receiving environmental information through the human senses and then analyzing it in the mind that occurs after cognition leads to the creation of a sense in man. The most important feeling between man and place is called the sense of place. Due to the issue of the sense of place in the ‘60s and the importance of objective and functional issues in the modern era, the attention of theorists turned more to the human and semantic factors. Moreover, the physical themes that make up a sense of place and seem to be easy to avoid were less directly discussed. The position of physical factors, due to the inevitability of the physical elements in architecture, is clear, but given the process of perception as the link between man and the environment, a new perspective can be taken.
Research objective: The research aims to explain the position of physical factors in the process of human perception of the sense of place.
Research method: Due to the physical approach in this study, the phenomenologists’ theories were used. Besides, after classifying the concepts, the physical factors were placed in three functional, semantic, and aesthetic fields. In the first stage, the data were collected by the form of documentary and library studies and then field studies in the environment as exploratory observation and finally through interviews with targeted sampling.
Conclusion: The case study is one of the sidewalks of Mashhad, Iran; after analyzing and summarizing the analysis of the perception process, it was concluded that physical factors through initial perceptions have the greatest impact on feelings about the place on the sense of satisfaction and secondary perceptions that are achieved over time affect the sense of place. The method of analyzing the interviews is in the form of qualitative and thematic content analysis and open and central coding using the Maxqda software analysis (Version 12).

Keywords

References

Abbaszadeh, M., Sultan Qurraie, S. & Mohajer Milani, A. (2015). The Influences of Physical Features of Space on Sense of Place (Case study: Prayer Rooms of Mehrabad International Airport. International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, 5(1), 23-32.
Akbari, A. & Falamaki, M.M. (2016). Investigation of “Senses & Emotion” Notions in Phenomenology of Built Spaces. Iranian Journal of Anthropology Research, 6(1), 7-21.
Alexander, Ch. (1979). The timeless of building. Oxford: Oxford university press.
Amole, D. (2009). Residential Satisfaction and Levels of Environment in Students’ Residences. Environment and Behavior 41(6), 866-879.
Behzadfar, M. Zabihi, M. (2011). Transit-Oriented Development: Plan Making Guideline in Urban Areas, Bagh-e-Nazar, 8 (18), 39-49.
Bonaiuto, M., Formara, F. & Bonnes, M. (2003). Indexes of Perceived Residential Environment Quality and Neighborhood Attachment in Urban Environments: A Confirmation Study on the City of Rome. Landscape and Urban Planning,  65(1-2), 41–52.
Canter, D. (1977). The Psychology of Place. London: Architectural Press.
Carmona, M. (2006). Public Places, Urban Spaces.Oxford: Architectural Press.
Cross, J. E. (2001). What is the Sense of Place? Prepared for the 12th Headwatwrs Conference, Retrieved November 2-4 ,2001, https://mountainscholar.org/bitstream/handle/10217/180311/FACFSOLO_Cross_2001_Headwaters
Eckartsberg, R. (1998). Introducing Existential-Phenomenological Psychology. In R. Valle (Ed.), Phenomenological Inquiry in Psychology: Existential and Transpersonal Dimensions. New York: Plenum Press.
Falahat, M. (2005). Naghsh-e Tarh-e Kalbodi dar Hes-e Makan-e Masjed [The Role of Physical Design in the Sense of the Place of the Mosques]. Honar-ha-ye Ziba, 6(22), 35-42.
Falahat, M. (2006). Mafhom-e Hes-e Makan va Avamel-e Tashkil Dahande-ye An [Sense of Place; and the Factors Shaping It]. Honar-ha-ye Ziba,  7(26), 57-66.
Ghashghaee, R., Movahed, Kh. & Mohammadzadeh, H. (2016). Evaluation of Sense of Place with an Emphasis on Physical and Environmental Factors in Urban Coastal Areas (Case Study: Boushehr Town). Geographical Urban Planning Research, 4(2), 261-282.
Harrison, S. & Dourish, P. (1996). Re-Place-ing Space: The Roles of Place and Space in Collaborative Systems. Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Boston: ACM Press.
Javan Forouzande, A. & Motalebi, Gh. (2011). The Concept of Place Attachment and its Elements. Hoviatshahr, 5(8), 27-37.
Lynch, K. (1981). A Theory of Good City Form. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Madanipour, A. (2008). Design of Urban Space: An Inquiry into a Socio-Spatial Process. (F. Mortezaei trans.). Tehran: Sherkat-e Pardazesh va Barnamerizi-ye Shahri.
Mehrbani, E., Mansouri, S.A. & Javadi, Sh. (2018). Landscape Approach in Creating Vitality in Valiasr Avenue An Emphasis on Creating the Sense of Place. Bagh-e-Nazar, 14(55), 5-16.
Mirgholami, M. & Ayashm, M. (2016). Proposing a Sense of Place Evaluation Model Based on Physical, Perceptual, Functional and Social Factors (Case Study: Imam Street at Urmia, Iran). International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 10(7), 882-893.
Najafi, M. & Shariff, M. (2011). The Concept of Place and Sense of Place In Architectural Studies. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(8),1100-1106.
Negin Taji, S. (2011). Place and Sense of Place; The Role of Physical Elements in Defining the Sense of Place. MANZAR, 3(13), 24-29.
Norberg-Schultz, Ch. (1971). Architecture: Presence, Language, Place. Milan: Skira.
Norberg-Schultz, Ch. (2014). Existence, Space & Architecture.(V. Nourouz Borazjani trans.). Tehran: Parham Naghsh.
Paknezhad, N. & Latifi, Gh. (2019). Explanation and Evaluation the Impact of Environment Factors on the Formation of Behavioral Pattern in Urban Space (From Theory to Practice: Study of Tajrish Square). Bagh-e Nazar, 15(69), 51-66.
Partovi, P. (2003). Makan va Bimakani, Roykardi Padidarshenasane [Place and Placeness, Phenomenological Attitude]. Honar-ha-ye Ziba, (14), 40-50
Partovi, P. (2008). Phenomenology of Place. Tehran: Farhangestan-e Honar.
Pouriyaye Vali, A. & Nasekhiyan, Sh. (2014). The Concept and Sense of Place in Architecture form, Phenomenology Approach. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 4(4), 3746-3753.
Punter, J.(1991) Participation in the design of urban space. Landscape design, 200, 24-27.
Relph, E. (1976). Place and Placelessness. London: Pion.
Relph, E. (2009). A Pragmatic Sense of Place. Environmental & Architectural Phenomenology, 20(3), 24-31.
Rothenberg, R. (2012). Space, Place, Site and Locality: The Study of Landscape in Cultural Anthropology. In S. Bell, I. Herlin & R. Stiles (Eds.), Exploring the boundaries of Landscape Architecture. Abingdon: Routledge.
Salvesen, D. (2002). The Making of Place. Urban Land, 61(7), 36-41.
Seamon, D. (2000). Away of Seeing People and Place, Phenomenology in Environment Behavior Research. Manhattan: Department of Architecture Kansas State University.
Shamai, S. (1991). Sense of place: An Empirical Measurement. Isreael: Geoforum.
Steele, F. (1981). The Sense of Place. Boston: CBI Publishing Company.
Stefanovic, I.L. (1998). Phenomenological Encounters with Place: Cavtat to Square One. Journal of Environmental psycology, 18(1), 31-44.
Tuan, Y. F. (1980). Rootedness Versus Sense of Place. Landscape, (24), 3-8.
Tuan, Y.F. (2001). Space and Place the perspective of Experience. New York: University of Minnesota Press.
Xu, Y. (1995). Sense of Place and Identity, Research on Place & Space. Retrieved March 12,2003, http://www.eslarp.uiuc.edu/la/LA437-F95/repots/yards/main.html
Zoomer, P(2014). Thinking architecture. Tehran: herfeh honarand.
The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar
Volume 17, Issue 87 - Serial Number 87
September 2020
Pages 71-86

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics