Architectural Basics of Imams Descendants’ Holy Shrines in Iran
Behzad
Masoudi asl
Ph. D. Condidate in Architecture, Nrc.
author
Shohreh
Javadi
استادیار دانشگاه تهران
author
Nasser
Barati
Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture & Urbanism; Imam Khomeini International University: Qazvin: IRAN
author
Ahmadali
Farzin
University of Tehran
author
text
article
2018
per
Statement of the problem: One of the major challenges in the field of urban research is the lack of trust between policymakers and researchers. As a result of this challenge, while preventing researchers from the key decision-making and policy-making processes, inadequate resources are being allocated to the research sector. The main policymakers and manager’s argument is that the work of the researchers is far from the realities of the implementation and practice. By creating a vicious cycle, this issue has led to the weakened and underdeveloped infrastructure and research capacities in faculties, and the theoretical and practical weaknesses of the applied research in various areas of urban management studies. The current study aims to analyze and study strategies for promoting the use of research in decisions made by Tehran urban management system.Purpose: This study aims at investigating and analyzing the current process of defining, implementing and leadership of urban research projects in the urban management system of the country. The main approach for this purpose is evidence-based policy-making which provide some solutions for improvement.Method: The research method in this study is “case study” and its type is “single instrumental case study”. Having analyzed a wide range of research studies on the field of research utilization, this paper develops an analytical framework based on the “supply and demand” model. Then, using this analytical framework, the mechanism for defining, implementing, leading and extracting the results of research projects at the Tehran Urban Planning & Research Center is analyzed and eventually, it has become evident that the current mechanism needs specific strengthening interventions for demand sectors.Conclusion: This paper provides two main results. Firstly, an analytical framework for investigating and analyzing research organizations mechanism in the public sector. Secondly, a proposal to establish a structure entitled “Office for the Empowerment of Urban Management Research” in the current mechanism for managing applied research in Tehran Urban Management System. The specific mission of this structure is developing “policy capacity” and “institutional capacity”.
The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar
Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture and Urbanism (NRC)
1735-9635
15
v.
64
no.
2018
5
14
http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_69476_ea93b452f6a5a6f20d0b5f292cb28485.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2018.69476
Middle-range Proficiency in the Professional Organization of Architecture and Building (case study: Design offices
of engineer’s council of Qom)
Masoud
Nari Ghomi
Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran
author
Hojat-allah
Bahreyni
Civil Engineering Group, Boys' Faculty of Qom, Technical & Professional University, Qom.
author
text
article
2018
per
The constructions of the building professional body has been a main research subject in recent two decades. In Iran, the construction industry is mostly based on an overwhelming pattern of mutual design practices where the majority of expert personals are design and construction technicians. But these human forces have always been marginalized within research discourse as well as the educational context of architecture.The study aims at clarifying the occupational position of draftspersons and construction technicians and their impact on architectural designs. The first part of the article, proposes a conceptual framework for studying status of architectural technicians from antiquity to present comparing Iran and the west. For the second part, a logical analysis of official documents is used to produce a general model of the subject. The ethnographical strategy is chosen for the third part of the research where middle-range forces of the small design practices of Qom are studied (using deep observation, deep interview, and objective questionnaire technics) to be compared with findings of previous studies and make conclusions. The results of this study show that draftsman place in its historical evolution has experienced a vast change from an expertise-based hierarchy towards societal hierarchy. The all models of the varieties of occupation patterns of building technicians around the world are summed up in four conceptual models. The difference of the models falls into directness or indirectness of the mediatory role of the technician between architectural designer and other human figures in design decision making (clients, law agents, other engineers of building and operational forces). For Iranian small design practices, official duties, integration with clients and designing of some small projects are three common roles of the technician that are not within their official defined education as well as professional place. This fact invites to a review of their education an occupational pattern.
The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar
Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture and Urbanism (NRC)
1735-9635
15
v.
64
no.
2018
15
28
http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_69477_a328618b1e3e4b49208d0fb4246da155.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2018.69477
Architecture as Extensive Mind
Ali
Marjouei
Department of Architecture, Faculty of urban planning and architecture, Isfahan Branch Islamic Azad University, Isfahan. Iran
author
Bahram
Shahedi
null
author
Marzieh
Piravi Vanak
Art University of Isfahan
author
Maryam
Ghasemi sichani
proffessor assistant
author
text
article
2018
per
The relationship between man and architecture is usually assessed using behavioral science. However, this research intended to study architecture as a cognitive component using 4E cognition. This is different from the effect of environment on cognition which is often theorized as externalism within frameworks such as environmental psychology. This approach introduces architecture as an essential part of the mind and cognition. The main research question was: how does architecture act as the causative component of cognition? The main purpose of this study was to provide a new understanding of the nature of architecture and consequently, a new discourse to be established with architecture, particularly in the case of interactive and adaptive architectures which practically act as an extension of the body (prosthesis). At the strategic level, the research method was logical argumentation which, at the level of measures, based the analysis of architecture, as the extensive mind, on Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of embodiment, as the external logic of the argument. This study answered the research question by proving the essential role of metaphor in embodied cognition and consciousness and then, the role of architecture in generating primary and mixed metaphors. Therefore, here, metaphor is not considered a literary device but the foundation of abstract concepts and is strongly dependent on the characteristics of the body of the agent and the function of the body within the environment. The results of this study showed that architecture, as a body, acts as part of the extended mind or as an Exogram and architecture, as space, is the creator, weight-giver, and changer of primary metaphors by means of our sensory-motor behaviors and thus acts as an extensive and integrated mind.
The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar
Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture and Urbanism (NRC)
1735-9635
15
v.
64
no.
2018
29
40
http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_69478_12d2d8d42d968e521045e6389d2ae1a3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2018.69478
The destructive Culture or destructed by culture…! A study on cultural practices and expressions as the primary causes for damages in historic-cultural properties – A case study of Iran
Mohsen
Keyhanpoor
faculty member of Art& Architucture, sistan&Baluchistan university
author
text
article
2018
per
Natural deterioration is only one of the identified threats to historic properties. There is a broader range of threats including natural and climatic effects and also human activities. The human acts are not limited to such anti-social behaviors that in behavioral sociology are known as vandalism; they also include culturally approved acts such as cultural rituals, etc. that are truly valued by their entire society. Sometimes these cultural acts could directly or indirectly cause damages to historic properties. This raises an important dilemma vis-à-vis to the preservation of cultural heritage and its tangible and intangible values: What should we preserve, the cultural property or the cultural practice? How is it possible to prevent damages to historic properties, but also to be able to preserve cultural practices that are essential characters to Cultural Landscape richness? In the preservation of cultural heritage, and more particularly those subjects related to the cultural landscape, understanding the integrity of the historic property and its related cultural beliefs support its success and authenticity.This paper considers three such kinds of cultural behaviors from the wide variety of Iran’s cultural geography and analyzes their psychological, social and traditional aspects in order to examine the possibility of multi-preservation methods for these difficult cases.
The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar
Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture and Urbanism (NRC)
1735-9635
15
v.
64
no.
2018
41
52
http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_69479_5c9708f6afe36be3493a770a2452ba31.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2018.69479
A Comparative Study of the Sphinx in Achaemenid Art and Seljuk Art
Mohammadreza
Sharifzadeh
Head of Department Islamic Azad University, Tehran.
author
Elahe
Feizi Moghaddam
Ph.D. Student in Comparative and Analytical History of Islamic Art, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Issue statement: The Sphinx is one of the types of composite creature’s motif that the ancient man created it with his own mind and imagination and developed it with different concepts and appearances during different historical periods. This motif had also appeared in Iran and were used in ancient and Islamic times. Despite the use and significance of the Sphinx in Iranian historical periods, this motif has been less studied and is still considered to be ambiguous. Therefore, in this research, the Sphinx has been studied as widely used motif in two historical periods of Iran, the Achaemenid in ancient era and the Seljuk in Islamic era. Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the differences and similarities of the Sphinx in the Achaemenid period and the Seljuk period.Research Methodology: The images of the Sphinx during the Achaemenid period and the Seljuk period and its related concepts were searched and based on descriptive method, the characteristics of each were described in the tables separately and the most important structural features of motifs were identified. Then, with an analytical approach, the possible reasons and sources of their application have been discussed and analyzed. In addition, from a visual perspective, they were examined and finally matched together. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the similarities and distinctions of the Sphinx in these two historical periods. In general, it can be said that in the most cases, Achaemenid art and Seljuk art, the Sphinx in terms of structural features are different and in terms of concepts and functional role have many similarities. In the visual examination, it was also found that both of them are similar in terms of composition, rhythm, and type of script. The Sphinx in the Achaemenid period symbolizes the sun, the power of the kingdom, the protector of the tree of life and palace guardian, the prayers on both sides of the tree of life. In the Seljuk period, it is the symbol of the sun, blessing, mystical aspects, constellations, magic, palace guardian, the protector of the tree of life, and the prayers on both sides of the tree of life.
The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar
Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture and Urbanism (NRC)
1735-9635
15
v.
64
no.
2018
53
70
http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_69480_46d17337cd3ab25340c4afad270038f7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2018.69480
The Functioning and Architecture of the Haroonia Toos Building
Hossein
Koohestani
Assistant professor and faculty member of archaeology department, university of Birjand
author
Ali
Zarie
Assistant professor and faculty member of archaeligy.departement university of birjand
author
text
article
2018
per
Problem statement: Among the various branches of architecture, the monuments of the tomb have a special place; therefore, the tombs after the mosques are the most common building in Iran and have rooted in the context and culture of Iran. The tomb’s health of a large number of Characters, especially scholars and mystics are unknown, and even in many cases, the date of death and the place of death has not been considered. The Harmony building in the Old Town of Toos is one of the buildings where there is a lot of ambiguity about the exact operation and construction history.Purpose and method of the research: The main topic in this article is the elimination of these ambiguities and the recognition of the Harmony building, by reviewing written and non-textual sources (library-documentary and field) and comparative study and comparing it with other similar and contemporary works. The type of research in this article is descriptive-analytic and historical content.The Result of the Research: based on what has previously been mentioned, it can be concluded that Haroonia is a building that was built in the 8th century AD and during the rule of the Shi’ite ruler of Sarbadārs dynasty, in order to burial one of the ancients and dervishes of this dynasty. Political conflicts and power struggles and the early fall of Sarbadārs in the eighth century AH led to the unfinished construction, and after some time, its historical and religious signs were destroyed by subsequent governments, and it was recognized in Haroonia without any historical backing.
The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar
Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture and Urbanism (NRC)
1735-9635
15
v.
64
no.
2018
71
80
http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_69481_1aaaf099f1e4b6fca2ebb1f614c3875a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2018.69481