تبیین مفهوم و ویژگی‌های شهر هوشمند

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد دانشگاه تهران

2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تهران

3 دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه تهران.

4 مهندسین مشاور پژوهش و عمران

چکیده

طرح مسئله : شهرها به‌طور ذاتی با چالش‌های پیچیده و گسترده‌ای (و مرتبط به هم) مواجه هستند که تنها از طریق یک رویکرد سیستماتیک قابل حل است. به عبارت دیگر تجمع انبوه عظیمی از ساکنان منجر به آشفتگی و بی‌نظمی شده و شرایطی را به وجود آورده که نه تنها تعادل شهرها را به سقوط کشانده، بلکه دستیابی به پایداری را با روش‌های کنونی اداره و توسعه شهری ناممکن ساخته است. در نتیجه برنامه‌ریزان شهری در سراسر جهان می‌کوشند تا با نگاهی یکپارچه به تمامی ابعاد شهرنشینی، مدل‌هایی را برای توسعه شهرهای قرن 21 به منظور پاسخ‌گویی به خواسته‌ها و انتظارات جدید دنیای امروز توسعه دهند. یکی از مفاهیم جدید جهت مقابله با چالش‌های کنونی شهرها در عرصه برنامه‌ریزی شهری، توسعه شهر هوشمند است که در طول سال‌های اخیر توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. شهر هوشمند به عنوان محور تحول و توسعه هزاره مطرح شده و به معنای گشایش مفاهیمی نو در برنامه‌ریزی شهری است که قابلیت‌های جهان واقعی و مجازی را برای حل مشکلات شهری با هم ترکیب می‌کند.
هدف تحقیق : هدف کلی این تحقیق ارایه یک پایه و اساس برای تحقیقات در زمینه شهر هوشمند است. در واقع به دنبال تبیین نظری مفهوم، معانی، ابعاد، مشخصه‌ها، شاخص‌ها، باورهای متعارف و چالش‌های پیش روی شهر هوشمند از طریق تجزیه و تحلیل عمیق و ژرف ادبیات مرتبط در این حوزه با به بحث گذاشتن این مفهوم است.
روش تحقیق : روش تحقیق توصیفی تحلیلی است.
نتایج تحقیق : نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد علی‌رغم ادبیات گسترده در مورد مفهوم شهر هوشمند، هنوز یک درک روشن و واضح و اجماع عمومی در این‌باره وجود ندارد و محققان حوزه‌های علمی مختلف محتوای متنوعی را پیشنهاد کرده‌اند. به طوری که برخی فناوری‌های هوشمند را به عنوان تنها یا حداقل مهم‌ترین جزء شهر هوشمند مدنظر قرار داده‌اند، عده‌ای دیگر تعاریفی را پیشنهاد کرده‌اند که فراتر از فناوری است و بر این باورند که اتخاذ فناوری پایان کار نیست. فناوری‌ها می‌تواند در شهرها برای توانمندسازی شهروندان از طریق تطبیق این فناوری‌ها با نیازهای آنها به جای تطبیق زندگی آنها با الزامات فناوری مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. به علاوه معنای یک شهر هوشمند چند‌وجهی است. نکته کلیدی این است که شهرها باید پاسخ‌گوی تغییرات زمینه‌ای که در آن عمل می‌کنند، باشند و اینکه چه چیزی باید به عنوان هوشمند در نظر گرفته شود بستگی به شرایط زمینه‌ای متنوع (متن و بستر) از قبیل سیستم سیاسی، شرایط جغرافیایی و انتشار فناوری دارد. در واقع راه‌حل‌های هوشمند به سادگی نمی‌تواند کپی شود و نیازمند این است که ارزش آنها برای زمینه‌های مختلف مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Explanation of Concept and Features of a Smart City

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Pourahmad 1
  • Keramattolah Ziari 2
  • Hossein Hataminejad 3
  • Shahram Parsa 4
1 Prof. University of Tehran
2 Ph. D. in Geography Departmentand, University of Tehran,Tehran
3 Associate Professor of Geography, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran
4 Ph. D. in Geography and Urban planning (ph. D.s.), Geography Departmentand, Tehran university, Iran
چکیده [English]

Statement of the problem: Cities inherently encounter complex, interrelated, and widespread challenges
that can only be solved through a systematic approach. In other words, the accumulation of a huge mass
of people has led to chaos, and created the conditions that not only led to the collapse of the balance of the
cities but also achievement of stability is impossible with the current methods of administration and urban
development. As a result, urban planners around the world are trying to provide models with an integrative
perspective to all aspects of urbanization development in the 21st century in order to meet new demands
and expectations of today. One of the new concepts that deals with the current challenges in the field of
urban planning is development of a smart city that has attracted much attention in recent years. Smart City
has been raised as a pivotal factor of the Millennium Development that can open new concepts in urban
planning and combine capabilities of real and virtual world to solve urban problems.
Research goal: The aim of this study is to provide a foundation for researches in smart cities. In fact, it
aims to explain the concept, meanings, dimensions, attributes, indexes, conventional beliefs, challenges
and risks facing the smart city theoretically through profound analysis of relevant literature in this field and
discussing the concept.
Research Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical.
Results: The results show that despite extensive literature on the concept of smart cities, a clear understanding
and consensus on this issue does not exist and various academic researchers have suggested various contents.
So that some smart technologies are considered as the only or least important component of the smart city,
others have suggested a definition that goes beyond technology and believe that technology adoption is
not the end. Technologies can be used in cities to empower citizens by adapting these technologies to
their needs rather than adapting their lives to the requirements of technology. In addition, the meaning of a
smart city is multifaceted. The key point is that cities must respond to changes in the context in which they
operate. Moreover, what should be considered as intelligent depends on a variety of underlying conditions
such as the political system, geography and dissemination of technology. In fact, smart solutions simply
cannot be copied; therefore, the value for each field should be evaluated differently.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Smart city
  • Smart components
  • Smart risks
  • rapid urbanization
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